It's that time of year again! The time of year when I dredge my memory and cull information from the internet to demonstrate the continuing abuse of the English language. So, for this week's Thursday Thirteen, permit me to share 13 (More) Frequently Misused/Confused Words 1) "Then" and "Than" - I covered this before, didn't I? No? Okay. "Then" denotes the placement of events in time (First this happened, then that did). "Than" denotes preference of one thing over another (I'd rather drink a strawberry milkshake than a banana one). Why is this important? See illustration below: ![]() Not exactly ye olde "laff riot", eh? _2) Humorous and humerus - "Humorous" (or "Humourous") means something is funny. "Humerus" is the upper bone in your arm. (Yes, I've seen this mistake a few times. Disturbing, isn't it?) _3) "A lot" and "Alot" - "A lot" means frequently or often. "This has been happening a lot, lately, hasn't it?" "Alot" does not exist. (Although Hyperbole and a Half had a fantastic post on the subject.) _4) "Should have" and "Should of" - This is actually pretty simple to remember: It's never "of". You should have, would have, could have, and so on. Some folks think this confusion came from the sound of the spoken contraction: People saying "Should've", "Could've" and "Would've" sound like they are saying "of", but they're not. I beg you - stop doing this! _5) "Where" and "were" - "Where" is a direction. "Were" is the past-tense of "to be". ![]() Shut the shutters, Ma! Storm's a comin'! _6) "Shutter" and "Shudder" - A "shutter" is what you put over a window to protect it or to close it. A "shudder" is like a shiver, an involuntary shaking of the body, usually happening when one is exposed to something unpleasant. _7) "Lose" and "Loose" - If you "lose" something, you can't find it (so it's lost). If it's "loose" you need to tighten it - or you will lose it. _8) "Pray" and "Prey" - To "pray" is to converse with your religious higher power, whatever it might be. Also, in older English, to "pray" is to ask something of someone else, often someone in a position of power, ex: "Pray, tell me what you know of my father's fate." "Prey", however, is something which is being hunted, or the act of being hunted. "The mouse was the cat's prey." _9) "Advise" and "Advice" - As it happens, there's a reason those people who advise you on what courses to take are called 'Advisors' and not 'Advicers'. "Advice" is what you give someone when you "Advise" them in regards to something. __10) "Stationary" and "Stationery" - "Stationary" is related to movement. "He remained stationary while everything else bobbed and weaved chaotically around him." "Stationery" relates to writing materials - paper, pens, envelopes and so on. _11) "Compliment" and "Complement" - If someone says something nice to you, they've given you a "Compliment". If something completes something else or enhances it to some degree, it is a "complement" to it. _12) "Affect" and "Effect" - To "Affect" refers to making a change in or influencing something else "I didn't want to affect the outcome of the competition, so I withdrew my entry from the judging". An "Effect" is the resulting change in something which has been altered or acted upon. "The scent of ginger has an invigorating effect on many people." ![]() A pallet. _13) "Palate", "palette" and "pallet" - The "palate" is the "roof" of your mouth, and is also a term related to flavors and how they are perceived. The "palette" refers to either the board an artist mixes colors on or to a range of colors. A "pallet" is a low bed or the wooden platforms items are transported on (also called "skids"). Okay, then. I sincerely hope this helps some of you today. And no, I'm not saying I'm perfect. I make mistakes too. I'm just doing my part to make the world a little more grammatically correct. Now I'm going to kick back and do some editing, some writing, and then I'm going to relax. In fact... Ciao for now! 7 Comments _ Davide One of the most surprising aspects of writing Ask Me if I'm Happy had to be the way Davide was received by the first folks to read the story. From its earliest days, men and women alike singled Davide out: "Davide is a knight in shining armor that we all pray for to come save us." "This Davide fella gets more attractive by the word." The story was reworked considerably before it appeared on Authonomy, but I was confident it would – for the most part, anyway – pass muster. Again, to my surprise, people still seemed to notice Davide more than I expected: "This man could seduce an iceberg! I'm half in love with him myself." "Davide sounds so dreamy - good looking, sophisticated, cultured, kind, and a professor of literature - what girl wouldn't fall for him?" "… Davide is lovely and one wants to spend time in his company." I became concerned. Had I written someone too perfect? Had I written someone who couldn't possibly exist in the real world? This proved rather troubling, as my intention had been to write a story which was, ultimately, very realistic. I wanted both Emily and Davide to strike home for the reader, to be people with whom the reader could identify – not in a fantastic manner, but in recognizing something of themselves as they read along. I forged forward and the story grew and grew, giving me deeper insight into Davide's mind, his motivations and even his past. Based on "Connections" alone, it's clear he's not the "typical" Italian male. He's studious, perhaps slightly nerdy, honest and conscientious almost to a fault – not the self-involved, vainglorious and self-assured sort of man we're accustomed to imagining as the classic "Italian love interest". No, Davide is no Casanova, no Valentino, no love-'em-and-leave-'em sort of guy. However, when the moment presents itself, he knows when to step in, when to seize the opportunity to declare himself and his intentions. When he does, he does so with all the fear and trepidation most of us would surely feel for taking such a chance. In short, Davide is simply himself. A man who doesn't bow to the caprices of fashion and who quietly despairs for a world around him which seems to do just that; who struggles to maintain a standard of civility and propriety which he sees slipping to the wayside; who worships the woman he loves because he isn't able to see her flaws – however many there may be – and can only see her perfection magnified by his love. Tragically, this may well be his most self-destructive aspect. Davide believes himself to be honest in all things yet his mistrust of anyone's ability to love him, or to be as honest with him as he is with them, keeps the world safely at arm's length. This, combined with his need to protect Emily, is his blessing and his curse. The very things which bring them together are what might well break them apart. Not long ago, a friend read through Ask Me if I'm Happy and cited Davide's self-imposed isolation, his rejection of societal trends, his need for a deep emotional connection with someone – anyone – as proof that he is a man "out of his time". His initial perfection – as seen through Emily's eyes – gives way to his own view of his imperfection. His self-critical nature stifles his ability to be honest with himself – and thus, with Emily – in the way he knows he needs to be. Of course, this leads to trouble. Just like in real life. Now, when I hear people telling me how much they admire Davide, how attractive and romantic he is to them, I have a better understanding of why that is. It is my belief that these readers, male and female alike, really do identify with him and with his struggles throughout the novel. They see themselves or their loved ones – or both – in him, and that spurs their desire to see him succeed, to work out his problems and emerge victorious on the other side of the struggle. Whether or not he does this, I won't say here. You'll just have to read the book to find out. _ Emily Being one of those writers from the "my characters tell me what happens" school, I'm endlessly surprised by the things I learn about my characters while I write the story. In this regard, they really do feel like friends I'm spending time with, getting to know them over time. Sometimes, the surprises are astounding. Emily had a lot of those surprises in store for me from the start. When I first wrote the short story which became Ask Me if I'm Happy, I confess she wasn't terribly well-formed in my own mind. Over time, she shaped up on the page, but initially all I knew about her was that she was leaving Italy after a fair amount of time there, and she spoke Italian better than I did. I didn't know whether she was married, divorced or widowed. I didn't know precisely how old she was. I didn't really know for sure what she looked like, either. Soon enough I understood she was nervous, and scared. She was frustrated at the obstacles keeping her in Italy. She prized honesty because she'd been lied to in previous relationships. Her attraction to Davide was natural and unhurried, and it was part of her becoming honest with herself once more. The story expanded and went deeper into her head. I found she was prone to self-doubt – well, who isn't? – and that she struggled to move forward from her own past mistakes. I learned that she'd been alone for a long time, and she'd practically been abandoned to her despair to see her worst fears come true. I also found she was stubborn and bullheaded, usually at the worst possible times. When she described herself in the story, it wasn't Emily who provided the words. Instead, it was the voice of Jacopo, her ex, who spoke – and he didn't speak kindly. He described Emily as mousy and dumpy – words which, ironically, weren't in his English lexicon until he met her. He even used the phrase thirty-four-year-old-woman as though this were some sort of insult. My heart ached for her. I tried to determine what exactly had happened to Emily which sent her on this downward trajectory. Why was she so vulnerable? How was she so easily manipulated? Why did Jacopo choose Emily if he would be so unhappy with a woman like her? It came to me in a rush, while discussing the plot's possibilities with a friend of mine while we walked through the city center. In the middle of a piazza not unlike the ones she would walk with Davide, I understood the source of Emily's pain: it was all I could do not to start crying on the spot. For a moment, it was as though Emily stood there with me, her head bowed so I couldn't see her face, waiting for me to give voice to her pain. The linchpin to the story was given to me just like that. When I got home, I sat at my writing desk and cried while I made my notes and typed them out. It really was like having a friend tell me a devastating secret she'd held back from telling, out of fear of being judged. For all her quiet, mousy tendencies, Emily was no blushing innocent nor was she brazen and careless with her affections. She'd been devastated by her father's death when she was a teenager, and she'd acted out, as teenagers do. Her mother, who was always distant, became more so in spite of the fact that she was all Emily had, and her daughter was all she had. So, Emily sought affection wherever she could find it, and it cost her dearly. Writing all of this was difficult for me, but with every revelation, Emily became more real, and more realistic. She wasn't at all perfect. She had her flaws, and with each choice she made, with each tough path she chose, I found myself rooting for her. Of course I hope that anyone who reads Ask Me if I'm Happy will feel the same way. I will always hope that my efforts to put Emily's (and Davide's) story on the page will be as moving an experience to read as it was for me to write. My constant refrain, as always, is "Time will tell" – because it always does. And what we hear in the meantime is often quite surprising. I've been trying to write as much as possible this week, so I didn't have much time to plan a Thursday Thirteen. On short notice, this is what I've come up with: 13 Excerpts from 27 Stages | Kimberly Menozzi
Author. Happily Married. Survivor of life with a deranged kitten. Please note: Thanks to an increase in spam comments, I'll be approving the comments before they post. Sorry!
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